" An army of donkeys led by a lion is better than an army of lions led by a donkey." - Genghis Khan
The Mongols improved on Persian and Chinese weapons. the cavalrymen carried maces, lances with a hook and snare, sabers, three-quivered arrows and a composite bow made of wood, Towards the end of the Mongol era both soldiers and horses were protected in leather armor made from horsehide soaked in urine. They often wore silk under their armor to help prevent attacks by arrows. Although the Mongols were not as covered as their rivals, they used strategy and igeniuty to their advantage. Leather armor was lighter and more flexible than the chain-mail favored by Europeans. To protect their faces, Mongol cavalrymen carried small leather shields in their left arm. Under a loose robe they wore a tunic of tightly woven silk that blunted the impact of enemy arrows. Their boots were lined with sewn-in metal plates that protected the warrior’s calves.They had many different types of arrows. There was armor piercing, flaming, and hollow arrows just to name a few. The Mongols were the first to use gunpowder in battle. They used it as an explosive They were expert horseback riders, and archers. (“Weapons”)
Although they had many weapons that could be used upon the physical body. They were also experts at pshycological attacks. Thier enemies knew them for being able to bring destruction to anyone who crossed them wrong. Knowing this would have made anyone terrified of them, even if they themselves at not seen the Mongols in battle. (“Mongol Army: Tactics, Weapons, Revenge, and Terror”)
The Weapons of the Mongols
The Mongol's military was at the heart of the empire. It was what allowed them to conquer as much land as they did. Without it they would have been a very weak fighting force. It mainly consisted of calvary, these swift riders could do almost anything on a horse. Having this mobility allowed them to go farther distances and unite the empire. (“Mongol Army: Tactics, Weapons, Revenge, and Terror”)
One could only describe their military tactics as blitzkrieg. They would be upon their enemy all at once, and slaughter anything in their paths. They had a quick and easy way to hear information from one another. This would allow them to use their enemies own tactics against them. Which would along them to plan different moements. Being able to fake out their enemeies also allowed them to look more intemidating then they really were. Although after some battles all that remianed would be the bodies of their dead victims. There have been discorvered piles of decapitated heads
The Mongolian Military
Military Role
Bow
Arrow
Axe
Swords
Spear
Gunpowder
Territories Gained From Conquest
Eastern and western Russia and western parts of China
The Structure of the Military
The Mongol Military was based on a men per unit. It could easily be equated to a decimal system.:
10 men = arban
10 arban (100 men) = jaghun
10 jaghun (1,000 men) = mingghan
10 mngghan (10,000 men) = tuman
The Mongols used their artisians and their "thinkers". This would put them ahead of their enemies strategically and technologically. Not only that they were fast moving and mobile because of their skills with horses. This mobility would allow them to conquer people quickly. (Mongol Empire History)
The Mongols invaded many places, and gained many lands, some of their invasions were succeful and would allow them to expand, others were failures.
The invasion in Europe: They were able to take much of Europe. The Mongols however did not take all of it. Batu Khan who was leading the invasion decided to turn back, so that he could have the chance of becoming the next Great Khan.
- Invasion of Hungary: The Invasion of Hungary was carried out by Batu Khan, it was a success and would end in the crushing of Vladmir's troops.
Specific Invasions
The invasion in Asia:
- Japan: This invasion was led by Kublai Khan. There were two tries at taking Japan. Each ending in failure. The first one eneded in a storm devasting the Mongol fleet, and the Japanese taking the others. The second one would end in a typhoon squashing the invasion. This would be a devastating loss on both acounts.
- China: The Mongols made several invasions of China. Genghis Khan died on an invasion attemp on the Kingdom XI Xia.
- Korea: The invasion of Korea was attemped in 1287. This would ultimately end in failure.
Mongol Warrior
Military Details
The army was also orginized in a way that would benefit the Great Khan, and would cause all soldiers under him to remain loyal. Tribes were gerannly group together, which made it a great deal easier when choosing groups. Simple things like this would add to the overall affect of the Mongols.
Every soldier knew the skills that would make them a quick and effective killing machine from an early aged. The Mongols were prepared for anything, and they had great discipline skills because of the money and items they gained on military campaings. (What Made the Mongol Empire so Successful?)
Work Cited:
“Archery History: The Mongol Bow.” Archery Report. Archery Report, n.d. Web. 14 May 2015.
Christ, Costas. “Happy 850th, Genghis!” National Geographic. National Geographic Society, 14 Nov. 2014. Web. 01 May 2015.
Chief Editor. “12 Famous Genghis Khan Quotes.” NLCATP. NLCATP, 11 Dec. 2014. Web. 11 May 2015.
Coskun, Ender. “Mongol Warrior.” CGSociety Beta, CGSociety, 22 Jan. 2013. Web. 14 May 2015.
“Leaders Quotes.” Brainy Quote. Brainy Quote, n.d. Web. 14 May 2015.
“Mongol Empire History.” Paralumun New Age Village. Paralumun.com, n.d. Web. 11 May 2015.
“Mongols: Mongol Army: Tactics, Weapons, Revenge and Terror.” Facts and Details. Jeffrey Hays. n.d. Web. 05 May 2015.
“The Yuan Dynasty.” China Highlights. China Highlights, n.d. Web. 13 May 2015.
"What made the Mongol Army so Successful?” History on the Net. HistoryOnTheNet, 09 Sept. 2014. Web. 14 May 2015.